用Django使用CouchDB的介绍|不合理的繁荣</ title><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.klytx.com/ananke/dist/main.css_5c99d70a7725bacd4c701e995b969fea.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.klytx.com/static/pygments.css"> </head> <body class="ma0 avenir bg-white production"> <header> <div class="bg-white"> <nav class="pv3 ph3 ph4-ns" role="navigation"> <div class="flex-l justify-between items-center center"> <a href="//www.klytx.com/" class="f3 fw2 no-underline black-90 dib">不合理的繁荣</a><div class="flex-l items-center"> <ul class="pl0 mr3"> <li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/featured/" title="受欢迎的“>受欢迎的</a></ li><li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/tags/" title="标签“>标签</a></ li><li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/newsletter/" title="金沙手机APP">金沙手机APP</a></li> <li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/feeds.xml" title="rss.“>rss.</a></ li><li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/about" title="关于“>关于</a></ li></ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main class="pb7" role="main"> <article class="flex-l flex-wrap justify-between mw8 center ph3"> <header class="mt4 w-100"> <h1 class="f1 athelas mt3 mb1">使用CouchDB与Django的介绍</ h1><time class="f6 mv4 dib tracked" datetime="2008-08-18T16:06:20-07:00">2008年8月18日。</time> <a href="//www.klytx.com/tags/django" class="link f5 mid-gray no-underline sans-serif">Django（72），</a><A.href =“//www.klytx.com/tags/couchdb" class="link f5 mid-gray no-underline sans-serif">Couchdb（6）</a></header> <div class="nested-copy-line-height lh-copy serif f5 nested-links nested-img mid-gray pr4-l w-two-thirds-l"> <p>欢迎来到这一系列的最后一批，这研究了Django宽松的装订哲学的优势。首先，我们看着用Jinja2取代Django的模板系统。接下来，我们查看了使用Sqlalchemy而不是Django的ORM，以及我们将要查看使用的第三部分<A.href =“http://incubator.apache.org/couchdb/">CouchdB.</a>而不是传统的对象关系数据库，用于数据存储。</p> <p>CouchDB是我在过去一年中遇到的最令人兴奋的项目之一——以它激发的半真半假的白日梦的数量来衡量。它是关系数据库在意识形态上的竞争对手，它不是专注于高度详细的模式（长int、长度为25的varchar和二进制数据的blob，哦，天哪），而是处理文档。这些文档可能由相同的字段组成，但也可能包含不同的字段，允许与Google的BigTable一样的灵活性。除此之外，CouchDB还带来了其他一些意想不到的好处，比如文档版本控制<sup id="fnr1-831840267"><a href="#fn1-831840267">1</a></sup>。</p> <p>在我们开始之前，您将需要<A.href =“http://wiki.apache.org/couchdb/FrontPage">安装couchdb.</a>，本教程不会涵盖哪些（<A.href =“http://wiki.apache.org/couchdb/InstallingOnOSX">在OS X上安装</a>那<A.href =“http://wiki.apache.org/couchdb/InstallingOnWindows">在Windows上安装</a>那<A.href =“http://wiki.apache.org/couchdb/InstallingOnUbuntu">在Ubuntu上安装</a>）。</p> <h3>我们的项目</h3> <p>在本教程中，我们将使用CouchDB来存储一个简单的Django WebApp的数据，这将允许我们在线发布和编辑简单的文本文档。在我们开始之前，我们有一点设置要做。</p> <ol> <li><p>首先，我们需要拥有<A.href =“http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/install/">Django安装了</a>。我们将使用SVN版本，可以如此安装（请注意，您可以替换<code>网站包 - DIR</code>使用您的Python的Site-Packages目录）：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>svn co http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk/ django-trunk ln -s<span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">PWD</span><span class="sb">`</span>/ django-trunk / django站点 - 包 - dir / django</pre> </div></li> <li><p>接下来，我们需要安装Python库，<A.href =“http://code.google.com/p/couchdb-python/">couchdb-python.</a>，哪个与couchdb的接口。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>Easy_install CouchdB.</pre> </div></li> <li><p>三，我们需要创建一个Django项目（对于那些不想通过所有步骤自己的人来说，你可以<A.href =“//www.klytx.com/static/blog/comfy_django_example.zip">下载包含本教程中创建的代码的zip文件</a>）。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>django-admin.py startproject comfy_django_example.</pre> </div><p>你可能没有<code>django-admin.py.</code>在您的系统路径中，在这种情况下，您需要将其从当地的Django结账中运行它。对我来说看起来像：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>〜/ svn / django-trunk / django / bin / django-admin.py startproject comfy_django_example</pre> </div></li> <li><p>现在，我们需要在我们的内部创建一个django应用程序<code>comfy_django_example.</code>项目。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="nb">光盘</span>comfy_django_example python manage.py startap couch_docs</pre> </div></li> <li><p>我们几乎完成了设置，只需要配置一些设置。去吧，打开门<code>settings.py.</code>文件在<code>comfy_django_example.</code>文件夹。我们会做出这一变化：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="n">已安装_apps.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'comfy_django_example.couch_docs'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="p">）</span></pre> </div><p>我们也会编辑<code>comfy_django_example / urls.py.</code>文件看起来像这样：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="n">URLPatterns.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">图案</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'comfy_django_example'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">r'^'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="n">包括</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'couch_docs.urls'</span><span class="p">）），</span><span class="p">）</span></pre> </div></li> </ol> <h3>了解CouchDB</h3> <p>在我们继续启动WebApp之前，让我们在Python命令行使用几分钟的时间使用CouchDB。</p> <p>首先，我们需要开始运行CouchDB。如果正确设置符号链接，则应该像：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>一些计算机：〜用户<span class="nv">$</span>couchdb apache couchdb 0.8.0孵化<span class="o">（</span><span class="nv">Loglevel.</span><span class="o">=</span>信息<span class="o">）</span>apache couchdb正在启动。apache couchdb已启动。是时候放松。</pre> </div> <p>现在射击一个Python翻译。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>Python</pre> </div> <p>首先，您需要创建一个实例<code>服务器</code>这表示在计算机上运行的本地CouchDB服务器。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">CouchdB.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'http://127.0.0.1:5984/'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="go"><server'http://127.0.0.1:5984/'></span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="go">0.</span></pre> </div> <p>现在，允许创建几个数据库，遍历所有数据库，并删除数据库。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">创造</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'用户'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">创造</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'docs'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="go">2</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="k">为了</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="ow">在</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="k">打印</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="go">译文</span><span class="go">用户</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="k">del</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'用户'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="k">del</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'docs'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="go">0.</span></pre> </div> <p>现在让我们创建另一个数据库，实际上存储一些数据。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">创造</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'docs'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="go">0.</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">创造</span><span class="p">（{</span><span class="s">'类型'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'文档'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'文件一个'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'文本文件'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">“这是一些文字。”</span><span class="p">}）</span><span class="go">U'FD179491F0D95268EB1761E0439CF3E2'</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="go">1</span></pre> </div> <p>我们也可以创建命名文档。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'宣言'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'类型'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'文档'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'个人宣言'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'文本文件'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">“我强烈地相信某事。我认为。'</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'宣言'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="go"><Document u'manifesto'@u'8144524'{u'txt':u'I坚信某事。我想，'，u'type'：u'Document'，u'title'：u'Personal Manifesto'}></span></pre> </div> <p>从文档中检索和提取数据也很容易。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">一种</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'宣言'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">一种</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="go">U'Personal Manifesto'</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">一种</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">“ehm。蹩脚的标题。”</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">一种</span><span class="go"><document u'manifesto'@ u'818144524'{u'txt'：u'i强烈相信某事。我想。'，U'type'：U'Document'，U'Title'：'EHM。跛脚标题。'}></span></pre> </div> <p>如果我们想运行一个特定的查询，我们就为此编写一个JavaScript函数。例如，假设要检索标题长度大于4的所有文档，我们将编写以下JavaScript：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kd">功能</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="nx">D.</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">如果</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="nx">D.</span><span class="p">。</span><span class="nx">标题</span><span class="p">。</span><span class="nx">长度</span><span class="o">></span><span class="mi">4.</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="nx">发出</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="nx">D.</span><span class="p">。</span><span class="nx">名称</span><span class="o">那</span><span class="kc">空值</span><span class="p">）;</span><span class="p">}</span></pre> </div> <p>现在，要在Python中运行该查询，我们必须这样做：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">func_str.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">“函数（d）{if（d.title.length> 4）发射（d.title，null）;}”</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="k">为了</span><span class="n">排</span><span class="ow">在</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">询问</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">func_str.</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="k">打印</span><span class="n">排</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">钥匙</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="go">文件一</span><span class="go">个人宣言</span></pre> </div> <p>它有点难以理解在该查询中发生了什么，所以让我们打破它。<code>发出</code>用于返回所需的数据;第一个论点是<strong>钥匙</strong>在结果集中，第二个论点是<strong>价值</strong>在结果集中。下一个例子应该有助于澄清事物。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">func_str.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">“函数（d）{if（d.title.length> 4）发射（d.title，d）;}”</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">结果</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">询问</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">func_str.</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">结果</span><span class="go"><viewResults <临时view'函数（d）{if（d.title.length> 4）发射（d.title，d）;'没有> {}></span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="k">为了</span><span class="n">排</span><span class="ow">在</span><span class="n">结果</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="k">打印</span><span class="n">排</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">钥匙</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="k">打印</span><span class="n">排</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">价值</span><span class="gp">......</span><span class="go">文件一</span><span class="go">{u'txt'：你是一些文字。'，U'_rev'：U'_id'：U'_id'：U'FD179491F0D95268EB1761E0439CF3E2'，U'Type'：U'Document'，U'title'：u'document一个'}</span><span class="go">个人宣言</span><span class="go">{u'txt'：u'i坚信某事。我想。'，U'_REV'：U'_id'：U'Manifesto'，U'manifesto'，U'Type'：U'Document'，U'Title'：U'Personal Manifesto'}</span></pre> </div> <p>我们还可以使用列表的全局访问数据。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">钥匙</span><span class="k">为了</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="ow">在</span><span class="n">结果</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="go">[u'document一个'，u'personal宣言']</span></pre> </div> <p>现在，在最后一个例子中，我们将立即行走所有步骤。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">CouchdB.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'http://127.0.0.1:5984/'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">创造</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'软件'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'firefox'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'类型'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'浏览器'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'firefox'</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'苹果浏览器'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'类型'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'浏览器'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'苹果浏览器'</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'aquamacs'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'类型'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'编辑'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">'aquamacs'</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="go">3.</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="n">仅限武器</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'功能（d）{if（d.type ==“浏览器”）发射（d.title，d）;}'</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">钥匙</span><span class="k">为了</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="ow">在</span><span class="n">D b</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">询问</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">仅限武器</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="go">[U'Firefox'，U'Safari']</span><span class="gp">>>></span><span class="k">del</span><span class="n">S.</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'软件'</span><span class="p">]</span></pre> </div> <p>通过该命令线在我们的腰带下实验，它很容易想象如何使用CouchDB进行大多数数据存储，检索和操作需求。现在到了我们的政变阁下<sup id="fnr2-831840267"><a href="#fn2-831840267">2</a></sup>：将CouchDB与Django集成。</p> <h3>与Django集成CouchDB</h3> <p>我们将汇总一个非常简单的应用程序。它有两个意见：<strong>指数</strong>视图将显示所有可用文档的列表，并允许您创建新文档，以及<strong>细节</strong>查看将允许您编辑现有文档。</p> <p>首先，让我们创建<code>couch_docs / urls.py.</code>文件。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.conf.urls.defaults.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">URLPatterns.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">图案</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'comfy_django_example.couch_docs.views'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">r'^ doc /（？p <id> \ w +）/'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'细节'</span><span class="p">），</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">r'^ $'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'指数'</span><span class="p">），</span><span class="p">）</span></pre> </div> <p>接下来，我们需要编辑<code>couch_docs / aigument.py.</code>文件。我们将从导入开始，也是一些代码来创建名为的CouchDB数据库<code>译文</code>如果它尚不存在。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.http.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">http404.</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="n">httpresponseredirect.</span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.shortcuts.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">render_to_response.</span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">CouchdB.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">couchdb.client.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">resourcenotfound.</span><p><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'http://127.0.0.1:5984'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="k">如果</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="nb">Len.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="o">==.</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">创造</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'docs'</span><span class="p">）</span></p></pre> </div> <p></p> <p>如果您是遵循最佳实践，您可能需要创建一个<code>couchdb_server</code>进入你的<code>settings.py.</code>文件然后做这样的事情：</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.conf.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">设置</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="nb">getattr.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">设置</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'couchdb_server'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'http://127.0.0.1:5984'</span><span class="p">）））</span></pre> </div> <p>但是，对于我们将坚持更简单的时间，尽管更灵活，请解决在于指定服务器的解决方案<code>观点</code>文件本身。现在，让我们写下视图。</p> <p>这<code>指数</code>查看做两件事。在A.<code>得到</code>请求它显示数据库中的所有现有文档，以及<code>邮政</code>请求它为该文档创建新文档并重定向<code>细节</code>看法。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="k">def</span><span class="nf">指数</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="n">译文</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'docs'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="k">如果</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">方法</span><span class="o">==.</span><span class="s">“邮政”</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">标题</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">邮政</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">代替</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="n">译文</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">标题</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">标题</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'文本'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="s">“</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="k">返回</span><span class="n">httpresponseredirect.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">U“/ doc /</span><span class="si">％S.</span><span class="s">/“</span><span class="o">％</span><span class="n">标题</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="k">返回</span><span class="n">render_to_response.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'couch_docs / index.html'</span><span class="p">，{</span><span class="s">'行'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">译文</span><span class="p">}）</span></pre> </div> <p>请注意，我们通过了<code>行</code>作为额外的背景<code>index.html.</code>模板以完全相同的方式，我们将通过Django Orm查询数据。</p> <p>这<code>细节</code>视图也有两个功能。如果它得到了一个<code>得到</code>请求，然后它将显示文档（以及用于编辑的表单），以及<code>邮政</code>请求它将更新文档。如果有人请求不存在的文档，我们还希望抛出404个错误代码。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="k">def</span><span class="nf">细节</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="nb">ID</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="n">译文</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">服务器</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'docs'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="k">尝试</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">博文</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">译文</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">ID</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="k">除了</span><span class="n">resourcenotfound.</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="k">增加</span><span class="n">http404.</span><span class="k">如果</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">方法</span><span class="o">==.</span><span class="s">“邮政”</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">博文</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">邮政</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'标题'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">代替</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="n">博文</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'文本'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">邮政</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'文本'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="n">译文</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">ID</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">博文</span><span class="k">返回</span><span class="n">render_to_response.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'couch_docs / detail.html'</span><span class="p">，{</span><span class="s">'排'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">博文</span><span class="p">}）</span></pre> </div> <p><strong>请注意</strong>那个<code>文件[id]=文件</code>行不是可选的，如果更新文档密钥，则不会在没有该行的情况下更新文档的条目。我不确定这是否是图书馆的监督或故意决定削减HTTP请求，但它可能是一个令人困惑的GOTCHA。</p> <p>现在我们只需编写模板。首先，创建模板目录<code>comfy_django_example / couch_docs /</code>文件夹。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="nb">光盘</span>comfy_django_example / couch_docs / mkdir模板mkdir templates / couch_docs<span class="nb">光盘</span>模板/ couch_docs /</pre> </div> <p>然后创建<code>index.html.</code>模板。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="nt"><html></span><span class="nt"><头部></span><span class="nt"><title></span>Comfy Django.<span class="nt"></ title></span><span class="nt"></ head></span><span class="nt"><body>你知道吗</span><span class="nt"><h1></span>Couchdb在Django<span class="nt"></ h1></span><span class="nt"><形式</span><span class="na">方法=</span><span class="s">“邮政”</span><span class="na">行动=</span><span class="s">“。”</span><span class="nt">></span><span class="nt"><表></span><span class="nt"><tr></span><span class="nt"><td></span>新文件的标题<span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"><TD> <输入</span><span class="na">类型=</span><span class="s">“文本”</span><span class="na">名称=</span><span class="s">“标题”</span><span class="nt">> </ td></span><span class="nt"><TD> <输入</span><span class="na">类型=</span><span class="s">“提交”</span><span class="nt">> </ td></span><span class="nt"></ tr></span><span class="nt"></表></span><span class="nt"></ form></span><span class="nt"><hr></span><span class="nt"><OL></span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">为了</span><span class="nv">排</span><span class="k">在</span><span class="nv">行</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="nt"><li> <a</span><span class="na">ID =</span><span class="s">“标题”</span><span class="na">href =</span><span class="s">“/ doc /</span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">排</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="s">/“</span><span class="nt">></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">排</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></a> </ li></span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">终止</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="nt"></ OL></span><span class="nt"></ body></span><span class="nt"></ html></span></pre> </div> <p>和<code>细节.html.</code>模板也是如此。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="nt"><html></span><span class="nt"><头部></span><span class="nt"><title></span>Django的CouchDB：<span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">row.title.</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ title></span><span class="nt"></ head></span><span class="nt"><body>你知道吗</span><span class="nt"><h1></span>Django的CouchDB：<span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">row.title.</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ h1></span><span class="nt"><A.</span><span class="na">href =</span><span class="s">“/”</span><span class="nt">></span>返回索引<span class="nt"></a></span><p><span class="nt"><表></span><span class="nt"><tr></span><span class="nt"><td></span>标题<span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"><TD.</span><span class="na">ID =</span><span class="s">“标题”</span><span class="nt">></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">row.title.</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"></ tr></span><span class="nt"><tr></span><span class="nt"><td></span>文本<span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"><TD.</span><span class="na">ID =</span><span class="s">“文本”</span><span class="nt">></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">row.text.</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"></ tr></span><span class="nt"></表></span><span class="nt"><hr></span><span class="nt"><形式</span><span class="na">方法=</span><span class="s">“邮政”</span><span class="na">行动=</span><span class="s">“。”</span><span class="nt">></span><span class="nt"><表></span><span class="nt"><tr></span><span class="nt"><td></span>新文件的标题<span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"><TD> <输入</span><span class="na">类型=</span><span class="s">“文本”</span><span class="na">名称=</span><span class="s">“标题”</span><span class="na">价值=</span><span class="s">“</span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">row.title.</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="s">“</span><span class="nt">> </ td></span><span class="nt"></ tr></span><span class="nt"><tr></span><span class="nt"><td></span>文本<span class="nt"></ Td></span><span class="nt"><td> <textarea</span><span class="na">名称=</span><span class="s">“文本”</span><span class="nt">></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">row.text.</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ textarea> </ td></span><span class="nt"><tr></span><span class="nt"><TD> <输入</span><span class="na">类型=</span><span class="s">“提交”</span><span class="nt">> </ td></span><span class="nt"></ tr></span><span class="nt"></表></span><span class="nt"></ form></span><span class="nt"></ body></span><span class="nt"></ html></span></p></pre> </div> <p></p> <p>这总结了我们的新Web应用程序。继续，给它一个旋转。</p> <div class="highlight"> <pre>Couchdb＆<span class="nb">光盘</span>comfy_django_example python manage.py runserver</pre> </div> <p>然后导航到<A.href =“http://127.0.0.1:8000“>http://127.0.0.1:8000</a>在行动中看到它。它简单，但应该足以让你的创意果汁一点地通过组合Django和Couchdb来做什么。特别是因为Couchdb继续成熟，我认为这将是一个有效的配对。</p> <h3>下载教程副本</h3> <p>你可以<A.href =“//www.klytx.com/static/blog/comfy_django_example.zip">下载包含此项目的zip文件</a>但是对于最新的版本，它将最容易的<A.href =“http://github.com/lethain/comfy-django-example/tree/master">检查GitHub上的Tutorial的存储库</a>。</p> <h3>我们为什么要这样做？</h3> <p>所以，这是一个重要的问题。是否存在使用Django与CouchDB的情况，与PostgreSQL或MySQL使用它会大大有意义？我们实际上是在推出Django管理员（和会话框架等）时获得有用的东西吗？</p> <p>尽管CouchDB有很多不便之处，但它还是值得考虑的。考虑一个wiki，它允许用户下载并修改其内容的副本。如果它是用CouchDB实现的，那么用户就可以上传他们的内容并将它们合并到数据库中。实现者不需要为此编写自定义代码，这是CouchDB特性集的一部分。如果一些新数据是坏的，那么可以使用版本控制系统回滚到以前的版本（除非它已经通过压缩数据库被删除。。。啊哼）。</p> <p>另外，考虑一些类似的东西<A.href =“http://www.freebase.com/">自由贝等</a>它似乎在飞行中创建架构以获取不同类型的数据。在关系数据库中这样做是非常不愉快的，因为您不断创建和修改架构。但是在CouchDB中，如果您想为一条数据添加另一个字段，那么<em>您只需添加数据</em>那<strong>它只是工作</strong>。具有灵活的（或，真实，不存在的）模式使得可以轻松实现某些类型的应用程序，这些应用程序需要几滴Genius Elixer来解决刚性定义的架构<sup id="fnr3-831840267"><a href="#fn3-831840267">3.</a></sup>。</p> <p>最后，来自Damien Katz的重复线程 -<A.href =“http://damienkatz.net/2007/12/">一旦他们开始优化</a>--COUCHDB可能会令人印象深刻。</p> <h3>我们可以吃我们的蛋糕吗？</h3> <p>是的。是的你可以。您可以使用SQLite或PostgreSQL数据库来管理您的会话和用户，并仅使用CouchDB来存储文档数据。通过这种方式，您可以使用Django管理员进行大部分数据，并且仍然可以利用CouchDB的基于文档的存储器的应用程序的应用程序。</p> <p>从而额外的复杂性不会非常高，至少对于初始程序员。但是，缩放这样的应用程序将需要更多的思考和努力，而不是仅使用关系数据库或仅使用CouchDB来缩放应用程序。通过有限的资源（如小VPS上的那样）有效地部署这种服务也更加困难。这些技术障碍不会是不可逾越的，但也可能不会有很多乐趣。</p> <h3>等等，那不是我想吃的蛋糕</h3> <p>哦。所以你想在CouchDB上实现会话框架？您可以使用CouchDB定制滚动身份验证框架，尽管可能需要超人努力将SQL语句转换为CouchDB的命令 - 以创建Django后端，其无缝使用CouchDB而不是传统关系型数据库。</p> <p>如果有人想要承担该项目，他们可能会等到CouchdB到达1.0和API稳定。但是......即使我想象这个项目将是一个地狱般的泥潭，这将使孩子们摆脱男性，并且比被要求与下推Automa实施Perl正则表达式的速度快。</p> <h3>结束Django系列中的松散耦合</h3> <p>由于这篇文章致力于关闭，该系列所包含的是看着Jinja2，Sqlalchemy和现在Couchdb以及Django哲学的宽松耦合的哲学如何让他们轻松地与Django集成。对我来说，写出这些条目之后的一个持久的思想是，松散的耦合肯定并不完美，但如果你愿意及时支付收费，它会让你做任何你想做的事情。</p> <p>而且，在我的时间，Toll的价格并不是一半的糟糕。</p> <div class="footnote"> <hr> <ol> <li id="fn1-831840267"><p>在某些方面，这使得它看起来有点类似于版本化系统。我知道Github在Git上实现了一个类似的类似粘贴服务，我也记得一篇文章，也许是Linus，这表明Wiki可以在Git的顶部有利地实现。也许Ruby在Rails后端使用Git来存储或使用Mercurial for Storage的Django后端将是一个有趣的项目来玩。那就说，它与版本控制系统有点不同，因为它不会尝试所有难以维护旧的修订，并将删除它们以压缩数据库的大小。<A.href =“#fnr1-831840267" class="footnoteBackLink" title="↩“>↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn2-831840267"><p>我愿意考虑任何建议我滥用这句话的论据<em>政变德雷恩</em>这里。我大多数情况就像它的声音，并且已经用完了这个教程中的'next'，'第三'，'一个'，'一百元'等）。<A.href =“#fnr2-831840267" class="footnoteBackLink" title="↩“>↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn3-831840267"><p>虽然我确信关系数据库支持者将指出，从架构中取出刚性也会引入一些问题。我认为这是一个漂亮的公平陈述，但也许不是他们所建议的那么重要。<A.href =“#fnr3-831840267" class="footnoteBackLink" title="↩“>↩</a></p></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mt6 instapaper_ignoref"></div> </div> <aside class="w-30-l mt1-l"> <div class="bg-light-gray pa3"> <p class="f5 mb3">嗨伙计。我是<A.href =“//www.klytx.com/about">威尔</a>阿卡<A.href =“https://twitter.com/lethain">@lethain.</a>。<br>如果你想向我联系，那么<A.href =“//www.klytx.com/ways-i-help/">我提供帮助的方式</a>。如果您想从我这里收到电子邮件，请订阅<A.href =“//www.klytx.com/newsletter/">我的每周时事通讯金沙手机APP</a>。</p> <p>我写<A.href =“https://www.amazon.com/Elegant-Puzzle-Systems-Engineering-Management/dp/1732265186">一个优雅的拼图</a>。</p> <p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Elegant-Puzzle-Systems-Engineering-Management/dp/1732265186"><img class="w-100" src="//www.klytx.com/static/blog/2019/aep-small-lq.jpg"></a></p> <p>也，<A.href =“https://staffeng.com/book">员工工程师</a>。</p> <p><a href="https://staffeng.com/book"><img class="w-100" 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