用Jinja2替换Django的模板语言|不合理的繁荣</ title><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.klytx.com/ananke/dist/main.css_5c99d70a7725bacd4c701e995b969fea.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.klytx.com/static/pygments.css"> </head> <body class="ma0 avenir bg-white production"> <header> <div class="bg-white"> <nav class="pv3 ph3 ph4-ns" role="navigation"> <div class="flex-l justify-between items-center center"> <a href="//www.klytx.com/" class="f3 fw2 no-underline black-90 dib">不合理的繁荣</a> <div class="flex-l items-center"> <ul class="pl0 mr3"> <li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/featured/" title="受欢迎的">受欢迎的</a></li> <li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/tags/" title="标签">标签</a></li> <li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" href="//www.klytx.com/newsletter/" title="金沙手机APP">金沙手机APP</a></li> <li class="list f5 f4-ns fw4 dib pr3"><a class="no-underline black-90" 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href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/api">如果在模板中语法</a>，选择<a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/api">在模板内运行未定义的对象时引发错误</a>（与Django的模板语言相比，这将始终默默地失败），和<a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/api">用于检索模板的更灵活的解决方案</a>。</ p><p>让我们开始吧。</ p><ol> <li><p>首先，我们需要<a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Jinja2/2.0">下载</a>并安装Jinja2。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre>sudoyey _install Jinja2.</pre> </div></li> <li><p>然后确保它有效。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="nn">jinja2.</span></pre> </div></li> <li><p>创建Django项目和应用程序。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre>django_admin.py startproject post_cuoupling.<span class="nb">光盘</span>loot_cuouping python manage.py startapp with_jinja</pre> </div></li> <li><p>为项目创建一个模板文件夹，以及一个用于新应用程序的模板文件夹。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre>mkdir模板mkdir with_jinja / templates mkdir with_jinja / templates / with_jinja</pre> </div></li> <li><p>打开<code>lock_cuoupling / settings.py.py.</code>并更改设置<code>已安装_apps.</code>和<code>template_dirs.</code>。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="n">已安装_apps.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'stole_coupling.with_jinja'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'django.contrib.auth'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'django.contrib.contenttypes'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'django.contrib.sessions'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'django.contrib.sites'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="nn">OS.</span><span class="n">root_path.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">OS.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">小路</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">妄想</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">__文件__</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="n">template_dirs.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">OS.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">小路</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">加入</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">root_path.</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'模板'</span><span class="p">），</span><span class="n">OS.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">小路</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">加入</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">root_path.</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'with_jinja / templates'</span><span class="p">），</span><span class="p">）</span></pre> </div></li> <li><p>打开<code>lootple_cuoupling / urls.py.</code>并将其内容更改为此：</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.conf.urls.defaults.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">URLPatterns.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">图案</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'loost_coupling'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">r'^ $'</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'with_jinja.views.index'</span><span class="p">），</span><span class="p">）</span></pre> </div></li> <li><p>现在我们只需要创建观点。首先，开放<code>with_jinja / views.py.</code>并添加这些导入：</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="nn">数学</span><span class="o">那</span><span class="nn">随机的</span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.http.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">httpresponse.</span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">django.conf.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">设置</span><span class="kn">从</span><span class="nn">jinja2.</span><span class="kn">进口</span><span class="n">filesystemloader.</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="n">环境</span></pre> </div><p>然后我们将编写一点便利方法来通过Jinja2处理渲染。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="n">template_dirs.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">getattr.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">设置</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'template_dirs'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="n">default_mimetype.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">gettattr.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">设置</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="s">'default_content_type'</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="n">env.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">环境</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">装载机</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">filesystemloader.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">template_dirs.</span><span class="p">）））</span><p><span class="k">def</span><span class="nf">render_to_response.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">文件名</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="n">语境</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{}，</span><span class="n">mimetype.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">default_mimetype.</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="n">模板</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">env.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">get_template.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">文件名</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="n">呈现</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">模板</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">使成为</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">语境</span><span class="p">）</span><span class="k">返回</span><span class="n">httpresponse.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">呈现</span><span class="p">那</span><span class="n">mimetype.</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mimetype.</span><span class="p">）</span></p></pre> </div><p></p><p>然后，让我们创建一个简单的自定义测试，即我们的Jinja模板将用于帮助渲染其输出。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="k">def</span><span class="nf">gryer_than_fifty.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="k">返回</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">></span><span class="mf">50.</span><span class="n">env.</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">测试</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'gtf'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">gryer_than_fifty.</span></pre> </div><p>现在让我们创造<code>指数</code>查看我们将使用的。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="k">def</span><span class="nf">指数</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">要求</span><span class="p">）：</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">㈡</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="n">数学</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">地面</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="mf">100.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">随机的</span><span class="o">。</span><span class="n">随机的</span><span class="p">（）））</span><span class="k">返回</span><span class="n">render_to_response.</span><span class="p">（</span><span class="s">'with_jinja / index.html'</span><span class="p">，{</span><span class="s">'n'</span><span class="p">：</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">}）</span></pre> </div><p>正如您所看到的，它是一个非常简单的视野，仅仅将生成的数字传递给<code>render_to_response.</code>我们以前创建的功能。</ p></li> <li><p>接下来，我们需要创建我们的<code>index.html.</code>模板那个<code>指数</code>视图正在尝试呈现。为此，首先我们将创建一个<code>base.html.</code>模板在<code>lock_cuoupling /模板</code>目录。所以，开放<code>lock_coupling / templates / base.html</code>并将其添加到它中</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="nt"><html></span><span class="nt"><head></span><span class="nt"><title></span>松散耦合的django.<span class="nt"></ title></span><span class="nt"></ head></span><span class="nt"><body></span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">堵塞</span><span class="nv">内容</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">终止</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="nt"></ body></span><span class="nt"></ html></span></pre> </div><p>现在我们需要创造<code>lock_cuoupling / with_jinja / templates / with_jinja / index.html</code>模板。它将扩展我们的基础模板，非常简单：</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">延伸</span><span class="s1">'base.html'</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">堵塞</span><span class="nv">内容</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="nt"><p></span>生成的数字是<span class="cp">{{</span><span class="nv">N</span><span class="cp">}}</span>。<span class="nt"></ p></span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">如果</span><span class="nv">N</span><span class="k">是</span><span class="nf">GTF.</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="nt"><p></span>这个数字肯定大于五十。<span class="nt"></ p></span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">别的</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="nt"><p></span>不幸的是，这个数字低于五十。<span class="nt"></ p></span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">万一</span><span class="cp">％}</span><span class="cp">{％</span><span class="k">终止</span><span class="cp">％}</span></pre> </div></li> <li><p>现在，保存所有文件并运行项目。</ p><div class="highlight"> <pre>python manage.py runserver</pre> </div></li> <li><p>现在导航到<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a>您将看到Django开发服务器Merrily呈现我们的Jinja2模板。</ p></li> </ol> <p><a href="//www.klytx.com/static/blog/loose_coupling_with_jinja.zip">（您可以下载我们在此开发的项目的邮编。）</a></p> <p>由于Django的宽松耦合哲学，切换到使用Jinja2而不是默认的模板语言真的很无痛。正如本系列继续，我们会看看这不仅仅是一个怪胎的发生，而是在整个Django堆栈中发生。</ p><div class="mt6 instapaper_ignoref"></div> </div> <aside class="w-30-l mt1-l"> <div class="bg-light-gray pa3"> <p class="f5 mb3">嗨伙计。我是<a href="//www.klytx.com/about">将要</a>阿卡<a href="https://twitter.com/lethain">@lethain.</a>。<br>如果你想向我联系，那么<a href="//www.klytx.com/ways-i-help/">我提供帮助的方式</a>。如果您想从我这里收到电子邮件，请订阅<a href="//www.klytx.com/newsletter/">我的每周时事通讯金沙手机APP</a>。</ p><p>我写<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Elegant-Puzzle-Systems-Engineering-Management/dp/1732265186">一个优雅的拼图</a>。</ p><p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Elegant-Puzzle-Systems-Engineering-Management/dp/1732265186"><img class="w-100" src="//www.klytx.com/static/blog/2019/aep-small-lq.jpg"></a></p> <p>也，<a 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